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Lewis and Clark Pass (Montana)
Lewis and Clark Pass (Salish: Smítu Sx̣͏ʷcuʔsí ("Indian Fort Pass") ), el. is a mountain pass on the continental divide in Montana. It lies at the head of the drainages of the west flowing Blackfoot River and the east flowing Dearborn River. The pass is in the Helena National Forest in Lewis and Clark County. The Continental Divide Trail traverses north and south through the pass.〔 At the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition the pass was a much used prehistoric pathway where the native tribes and bands living in eastern and western Montana crossed over the continental divide. The pass was crossed by Meriwether Lewis on July 7, 1806, on the return leg of the Lewis and Clark Expedition with a party of nine men and his dog Seaman. The pass was named for the expedition's two leaders–Lewis and William Clark. Lewis and Clark Pass is the only roadless pass on the entire Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail. It has gone from being one of the most used continental divide passes in aboriginal times to one of the least visited passes today. It can be accessed by a trail. Visitors will encounter the pass much as Lewis did in 1806. The furrows left by the countless dog and horse travois that crossed the pass are still visible (though fading) and this is one of the few places along the expedition's route that visitors may still encounter a grizzly bear. On a clear day, like Meriwether Lewis in 1806 one can see Square Butte in Cascade County to the northeast.
==Ancient Indian pathway==
The pass over the continental divide, now known as Lewis and Clark Pass, was part of a much used "road" for Native American peoples, since it was easily traversible and, most critically, the path or "road" traversing Lewis and Clark pass and then traversing Lolo Pass farther west, was the shortest and easiest route between the plains of eastern Montana and the Columbia River Valley.〔 Nez Perce Indian guides for Meriweather Lewis in 1806 referred to the pathway over the pass as the "Buffalo Road" or the "Cokahlarishkit" trail.〔 Tribes living in the Rocky Mountain mountain valleys west of the continental divide used the pass as a shortcut to move out of the mountains and onto the broadreaching eastern Montana plains to hunt and harvest buffalo. However, the Indian "road" ran both ways, and the pass was also used by war parties from the nomadic Indians living on the plains of Eastern Montana to conduct raids on western Montana tribes living in their inter-mountain valleys. The "road" was a broad and "well beaten" trail when Meriweather Lewis traversed it in 1806.〔
Lewis and Clark Pass is not the lowest pass in the area. Rogers pass is to the southwest and is lower, and Rogers pass carries Montana Highway 200 which crosses the continental divide in this area. However Lewis and Clark is the pass with the easiest approaches to the summit over which Indian bands, using dog and later horse travois, could come and go.〔
Before the time of Lewis and Clark, the pass was probably one of the busiest and most used passes in the northern Rocky Mountains. Ironically, today it is the least used pass on the Lewis and Clark Expedition route, since all the other passes are currently traversed by a road fit for vehicles.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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